Abrasion resistant ferrous alloy containing chromium



United States Patent 3,489 551 ABRASION RESISTANT FERROUS ALLOYCONTAINING CHROMIUM Stewart G. Fletcher and Walter T. Haswell, Jr.,Latrobe,

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Molybdenum 1.1 Titanium 2 Vanadium 2 Balance substantially iron withresidual impurities in 2:; gg e g g ig f Steel Company, a corpora 5ordinary amounts, said titanium being combined with No Drawing. Cntinuation-in-part of application Ser. No. carbon a Weight i of 4:1 andSald vanadmm W1 th 1965' This application July 1968 I h h hr h g i t idr i gf oiii all y nig however extend CL czz 39 25 over a relativelywide range and still retain its desirable US. 'Cl. 75-126 4 Claims 10properties of workability and abrasion-resistance. It may includealloying elements such as nickel, cobalt, tungsten and vanadium withincertain limited amounts and propor- ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOS RE tionswithout detrimetally affecting the abrasion-resist- An abrasionresistant readily workable alloy is proance- S1101} f l range of P fi IImay fall Within vide-d comprising carbon about 1% to about 4.25%, thefollowmghmlts: silicon about 1.5% maximum, m ng about 15% Carbon About 1to about 4.25%. maximum, chromium about 10% about 15 y Silicon About1.5% maximum. denum less than about 2%, tita about 05% Manganese About1.5% maximum. about 5%, tungsten less than about nickel less thanChromium About 10% to about 15%. about 3%, cobalt less than about 5%,vanadium about Molybdenum tha 2% 1.1% to about 5%, sulfur up t a ut 2and the Titanium About 0.5 to about 5%.

balance iron with residual impurities in or n ry m Tungsten Less than3%.

said titanium being combined with carb n in a Weight Nickel Less than3%.

ration of 4:1 and the vanadium with carbon in a W igh cobalt s h 5%,

rat f Vanadium About 1.1 to about 5%.

Sulfur Up to 0.25%.

This application is a continuation-in-part of our 00- BalimceSubstantially, f ,with rfisidual impurities pending application Ser. No.429,621 filed Feb. 1, 1965 9 i mamum bemg comblped i now abandonedcarbon m a weight ratlo of 4:1 and the vanadium wlth This inventionrelates to ferrous alloys and abrasion f ff resistant articles thereofand particularly to a low cost fi The 165.8 a followed by a Percentageabrasion resistant alloy which is readily workable and .gure m lshappcatlonim the context of thls applicatable. The search for steels havinghigh abrasion renon mean? t at t e partlculflr element may be entlrely Pabsent or it may be present in an amount not to exceed sistance and lowcost, together w th satisfactory workthe Percentage concsntration given.The presence of abllltyt has been a long f commulflg Eampl es theseelements is optional up to the amount specified in of uses for suchsteels are brlck mold liners, tile dies, said the ranges f compositiongiven above blast equipment, Shot blast equipment and Various forms Inorder to illustrate the improved properties of our of dies. Alloysgenerally available at a favorable cost new alloy, several h t were dithi th range f are undesirably short-lived and less than satisfactoryfor composition herein specified and compared with steelsabrasion-resisting purposes. previously used for making brick liners andthe like.

We have discovered an alloy having improved forge- The compositionsappear in Table I.

TABLE I Alloy C Cr W Mo Ti V Si Mn Ni Co Invention WR71 2. 76 12.38 1.072.21 1.90 0.35 .48 Prior art 2.4 12. 7s 1.1 4 0. 40 .40

ability, workability and abrasion resistance over any alloys Abrasiontests were made, comparing these several alloys previously availiable tothe metallurgical industry. Our with the results which appear in TableII. invention provides an abrasion-resistant alloy in which carbonwithin certain limits, is added in excess of that Table 1 previouslyavailable to the metallurgical industry. Our invention provides anabrasion-resistant alloy in which g' Percent g gg carbon within certainlimits, is added in excess of that Prior necessary to give a desiredhardening ability to the alloy u together with vanadium and titanium incertain proper- Careful comparison of the foregoing results shows thetions and within certain limits such that the excess carbon supcrlorltyf our alloy Over the alloys now used equals abrasion resistant purposes.Moreover, we have found V 1 Ti that the compositions with titaniumpresent are far Z 3 Z. Lnorebworkable thanlhke gozntppsiitiofns iiiWhich vanadigm as een compe ey su s iu e or itanium, so at Consideringonly the essential elements of our alloy, titanium must pp as anessantial ingredient at least the preferred analysis for mostabrasion-resisting appliin the minimum amount specified herein in orderto cations is: attain the improved workability along with improvedPercent abrasion resistance which characterizes our invention. Carbon2.9 While we have described and disclosed certain pre- Silicon 0.4ferred embodiments of this invention, it will be under- Manganese 0.4stood that this invention may be otherwise embodied Chromium 12.5 withinthe scope of the following claims.

We claim:

1. An abrasion-resistant readily workable alloy capable of being workedand cast to ultimate shape comprising carbon about 1% to about 4.25%,silicon about 1.5% maximum, manganese about 1.5 maximum, chromium about10% to about 15%, molybdenum less than about 2%, titanium about 0.5% toabout tungsten less than about 3%, nickel less than about 3%, cobaltless than about 5%, vanadium about 1.1% to about 5%, sulfur up to about0.25 and the balance iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts,said titanium and vanadium being combined with carbon in excess of thatnecessary to give a desired hardenability such that titanium is combinedwith carbon in a weight ratio of 4:1 and the vanadium with carbon in aweight ratio of 4.2 (V-l) 1.

2. An abrasion-resistant readily workable alloy capable of being workedand cast to ultimate shape comprising carbon about 2.9%, silicon about0.4%, manganese about 0.4%, chromium about 12.5%, molybdenum about 1.1%,titanium about 2%, vanadium 2%, sulfur up to about 0.25% and the balanceiron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, said titanium beingcombined with carbon in a weight ratio of 4:1 and the vanadium withcarbon in a weight ratio of 4.2 (V1):1.

3. An article made from a ferrous base metal comprising carbon about 1%to about 4.25%, silicon about 1.5 maximum, manganese about 1.5 maximum,chromium about to about molybdenum less than about 2%, titanium about0.5 to about 5%, tungsten less than about 3%, nickel less than about 3%,cobalt less than about 5%, vanadium about 1.1% to about 5%, sulfur up toabout 0.25 and the balance iron with residual impurities in ordinaryamounts, said titanium and vanadium being combined with carbon in excessof that necessary to give a desired hardenability in proportions suchthat said titanium is combined with carbon in a Weight ratio of 4:1 toform titanium carbide and the vanadium with carbon in a Weight ratio of4.2 (V1):1 to form vanadium carbide, said alloy being characterized byworkability, castability, abrasion resistance and high impactresistance.

4. An article of manufacture made from a ferrous base metal alloycapable of being worked and cast to ultimate shape comprising carbonabout 2.9%, silicon about 0.4%, manganese about 0.4%, chromium about12.5%, molybdenum less than about 2%, titanium about 0.5% to about 5%,tungsten less than about 3%, nickel less than about 3%, cobalt less thanabout 5%, vanadium about 1.1% to about 5%, sulfur up to about 0.25% andthe balance iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, saidtitanium being combined with carbon in a Weight ratio of 4:1, and thevanadium with carbon in a weight ratio of 4.2 (V-1) 1, said alloycharacterized by workability, castability, abrasion resistance and highresistance to impact.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,599,425 9/1926 McGuire 1262,147,121 2/1939 Emmons 75126 2,575,218 11/1951 Giles 75126 3,231,7091/1966 Foley 75--1 26 XR 3,295,401 1/1967 Rackofl 75-126 XR OTHERREFERENCES Tool Steels, 3rd ed., 1962, published by American Society forMetals, Metal Park, Ohio, pp. 699-704 and 718.

HYLAND BIZOT, Primary Examiner U .S. Cl. X.R. 75128 UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,489 551 January 13 1970Stewart G. Fletcher, et a1.

It is certified that error appears in the above identified patent andthat said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 1 line 38 "said" should read sand line 51, "availiable" shouldread available lines 54 to 56, cancel "previously available to themetallurgical industry. Our inventi' provides an abrasion-resistantalloy in which carbon within certain limits, is added in excess ofthat"; same column 1, lines 61 and 62, the equation'should appear asshown below:

V- Ti 4 2 4 Column 2, line 7, "ration" should read ratio Signed andsealed this 3rd day of November 19 70.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M. FLETCHER,JR. WILLIAM E. SCHUYLER, JR. Attesting OfficerCommissioner of Patents

